Travel & Tourism in Pakistan - Tourist Sites in Pakistan

In the northwestern region of Pakistan lies the remote and peaceful valley of Chitral. Lying in the midst of Hindukush Range, it is one of the world�s most beautiful regions. Chitral offers enchanting scenery in the shadow of majestic Trich Mir, which, at 7,708m is the highest peak of Hindukush Ranges. The people of Chitral, the �Kho�, show traces of Persian and Turkish ancestry. They are known for their peaceful, uncomplicated character and unique culture.

Chitral is more famous, however, for the Kalash people who inhabit the southwestern part of the region. The �Kalash Country� is spread over three Valleys; Bomboret, Birir and Rumbur. The Kalash have always fascinated anthropologists and historians by their obscure origins, colourful festivals, and curious customs and rituals.

Another interesting place near Chitral is Birmoglasht, the summer residence of the former Mehters (rulers). About 45 Kms north of Chitral Town are the famous hot springs Garam Chashma, known for their curing properties. A day trip to Buni gives further interesting insights into Chitrali rural life, plus views of beautiful Bunizom Mountain.
Polo, the �Game of the Kings� is best seen here in its land of origin. Played by skillful, daring participants in traditional style, Polo tournament is held every year in July near Chitral at Shandur Pass between Arch rivals Gilgit & Chitral.
Wildlife such as Marco Polo Sheep (ovis amon polis), Markhor or Ibex (caprafalconeri), Snow Leopard and Brown Bear are found in the heights of the Hindukush Mountains and are protected species.
Chitral is easily accessible by a 50-minute flight daily from Peshawar, or by road from Peshawar to Dir and then over the Lowari Pass (3,088m), a spectacular journey of approximately 15 hours.

Aa) CHITRAL WALKING TOUR - Half Day
Shahi Mosque, a beautiful white structure built by the former rulers of Chitral, is one of the most interesting buildings in Chitral. In its courtyard are buried former rulers and members of their families. Nearby is the historic Fort of Chitral where a small contingent of the British Army was besieged for almost thirty days. From the fort is an awe-inspiring view of Trich Mir Mountain with the Chitral River flowing nearby. The winding street of the Chitral bazaar has shops selling household objects, antiques and handicrafts obtained from the remote valleys.

Bb) BIRIR (Kalash Valley) - Full Day
About 34 Km southwest of Chitral is the narrow valley of Birir, where the Kalash community is gathered together. The main village of Guru is perched on a hillside as if stuck to the steep slope. The main attractions are the women in their long black robes and their attractive headgear, skillfully made entirely of cowrie�s shells and buttons. An interesting site included in the tour is the dance hall, which during the winter is used for religious performances. Also included is a visit to a Kalash home - a unique experience.

Cc) BOMBORET VILLAGE (Kalash Valley) - Full Day
Larger and wider than Birir, the scenic valley of Bomboret lies 40 Km from Chitral. The excursion includes a visit to Brun where the Kalash deities are accommodated as well as stops at the graveyard where fully dressed corpses can be seen lying in their coffins, the unique cattle houses, and a visit to the village of Shaikande where a Moslem minority from Nuristan lives. Of special interest here are the Nuristani carvings, handicrafts and motifs used to decorate the houses.

Dd) GARAM CHASHMA - Full Day
Some 50 km from Chitral is the valley commonly known as Garam Chashma, which means �Hot Springs�. This valley is famous for the snow-clad peaks of the Hindukush Range and hot sulphur springs. Specially made baths through which water flows continuously are open for anyone wishing to relax in the warm sulphur waters. This valley is famous for the fine quality of locally weaved woolen material known as �Patti� which can be purchased from local shops in the nearby village.

Ee) BUNI - Full Day
Buni is the first village in the upper valley of Chitral. Traveling about 84 km from Chitral, this excursion gives an opportunity to see a glimpse of rural life of the valley as it passes through many villages. From Buni one can see Bunizom Mountain (6,551 m), which overlooks the village. This two and a half hour journey is combined with beautiful mountain scenery and village culture, an exciting insight into an exotic world.

Ff) RAMBUR - Half Day from Bomboret
Those staying overnight in Bomboret may wish to see the Valley of Rambur, about 08 km from Bomboret. The majority of the Kalash live in this valley. Kalashgrom and Balankuru are interesting villages to visit.

The breath taking 60-minute flight from Islamabad to Gilgit through the majestic snowcapped Himalayas and mighty Karakorams is an exciting experience. The Himalayan & Karakoram region consists of several hundred peaks, sixty of which rise higher than 6,700m. Among these giants are the famous Nanga Parbat (8,125m), the ninth highest in the world, and K-2 Peak (8,611m), the second highest.

This is the land where lofty peaks tower above rich valleys and lakes of great scenic beauty; a paradise for the hikers, trekkers, anglers, mountaineers, adventurers, polo enthusiasts, nature lovers and those interested in observing exotic areas and life styles. The trip from Islamabad to Gilgit can also be done by road along the Karakorum Highway, which follows the route of the Indus River. This journey takes 14 hours and can be conveniently broken either at Besham and Chilas, where there is plenty of accommodation available.

Aa) GILGIT AND KARGAH - Half Day
A visit to Gilgit and its bazar gives one an opportunity to leisurely become acquainted with the mountain people. A visit to the home of a Gilgiton and a school in the community enables the visitor to appreciate their hospitality and simplicity. Situated

15 Km southwest of Gilgit is Kargah, a small valley with several large rock carvings of Lord Buddha. It is not known exactly when the carvings were completed, but the workmanship is definitely that of a talented master. It is likely that a trade route linking Southern China with the neighboring countries once ran through the region. Further down, the valley narrows and through it flows the Kargah Nullah (stream) that abounds with fish.

Bb) NALTAR - Full Day
At the foot of Naltar Peak lies this photogenic valley at an altitude of 3,048m. Naltar is a popular trekking point. Its semi-nomadic people earn their living by growing potatoes and rearing cattle. A thick forest of cypress and cedar trees adds a sparkle of colour amongst the rocky peaks, especially when viewed from above. This is a full day excursion from Gilgit and needs 4WD jeeps.

Cc) BAGROT - Full Day
A beautiful village untouched by modern civilization, Bagrot is situated in Gilgit Valley 43 Km from Gilgit town. The narrow valley here presents enchanting mountain scenery and boasts an abundance of fruits, nuts and wild vines. The inhabitants of Bagrot are a simple, likeable people who believe in retaining their old culture and traditions. A visit to the fascinating Hinarche glacier is particularly recommended.

Dd) PUNIAL - Full Day
The excursion to the paradise of Punial starts with a jeep ride full of adventure. Lush greenery mixed with blossoming flowers make the journey colourful as the road climbs along the mountain slopes. At Sher Qila (the capital) you will have an audience with the last surviving Raja of the former Kingdom of Punial. A walk through the village and a visit to a home, a water mill and a school gives a good idea of the people. Also situated in the village is the beautiful wooden residence of the former kings. top

Situated in the heart of the Karakorams, the legendary mountain kingdom of Hunza lies on the ancient trade route to Sinkiang; today the Karakoram Highway runs along this route. Very few places in the world compare with this small mountainous region, which was a semi autonomous state but is now fully unified with Pakistan. Hunza is an earthly paradise whose inhabitants are renowned for their longevity, their simplicity and natural diet. The scenic beauty of this area, with its greenery and snowbound mountains, makes it a true paradise. During the summer there is an abundance of apricots, peaches, pears and grapes. There are several glaciers and high peaks around Hunza, the most magnificent being Rakaposhi (7,788m). Hunza is also known for its unpolluted mountain air, which caused this area to be known as �Shangri-La�. Karimabad is the main town of Hunza. The blossoming and autumn at Hunza are really worth seeing and attract thousands of tourists, especially from Japan.

Aa) NAGAR AND HOPER - Half Day
High snowcapped mountains surround the village of Hoper, a mere 14 Km from Karimabad, Hunza. Hoper offers a fine view of Ultar Peak (7,388m) and Barpu glacier. A leisurely stroll through the tiny picturesque village will give you an opportunity to observe the everyday life of the countryside. Hoper is another popular trekking spot, offering a natural blend of ruggedness and scenic beauty. The valley of Nagar lies opposite the town.

Bb) GULMIT, GHULKIN AND BATURA GLACIER - Full Day
The Wakhi people who centuries ago took refuge in the territories of the Mir of Hunza populates the villages of Gulmit and Ghulkin. The ruggedness of the Upper Hunza Valley is emphasized by the majestic peaks of Batura and Passu, which tower over the towns below and Batura glacier, which encircle the valley to the northeast.

Cc) KARIMABAD, BALTIT & ALTIT - Half Day
In the shadow of the Ultar Peak lie Baltit and Karimabad. A walk past the terraced fields and numerous apricot trees of the valley will give you an experience of the peace and serenity of this Shangri-La. A slightly more arduous path leads to Baltit Fort. Home of the former Mirs, it resembles a Ladak monastery on the outside, while the inside is a wonderland of haphazard rooms. This fort has been recently renovated and converted into museum. This excursion also visits the village of Altit on the other side of the valley along with the old fort, which overlooks the Karakoram Highway, a camel route of bygone days.

Dd) KHUNJERAB PASS - Full Day
In the old days there were few high passes leading into China that were suitable for the overland travel. Today the Khunjerab Pass, which at an altitude of 4733m is the highest point on the Karakoram Highway, makes an easy all-weather entry into the famous Sinkiang province of the China. This route is a beautiful drive with views of the high mountains of the Karakorams and the distant Pamir Mountain Ranges. At Khunjerab, now declared a national park, one can see Marco Polo Sheep (avis ammon poli)

Ee) DUIKER (EAGLE�S NEST) - Half Day
Duiker is a prospect point located at a height of 2900m in the footsteps of Ultar Peak. It is a 45-minutes jeep drive from Karimabad and also approachable by a walk of about 03 hours. Duiker offers a superb views back over Hunza and Nagar to Rakaposhi peak and other famous peaks like Golden, Lady Finger, Ultar I & II, Diran, Rush, Spantik etc. The best time to visit Duiker is just before sunrise and sunset. top

One of the pleasures of visiting the Kaghan Valley is the picturesque drive from Rawalpindi to Abbottabad and onwards to Balakot, transferring to a four-wheel drive vehicle for the continuation of the journey to Naran, where the rest houses, hotels and motels are located. The Kaghan Valley is 154 Km long, rising to a height of 4,148m at Babusar Pass in the north. This is an ideal area for trekking and trout fishing and is a paradise for the botanist.

Lake Saif-ul-Muluk is one of the most popular scenic spots in the valley. This deep blue lake offers an awe-inspiring view of Mt. Malika Parbat - Queen of Mountains (5,291m). Shogran, Lake Lalusar and Babusar Pass are three places that make this Himalayan hideaway an unforgettable experience. The local people have retained their traditional hospitality and way of life. Time seems to stand still here when compared to the tumultuous roar of the nearby Kunhar River.

Aa) LAKE SAIF-UL-MULUK - Half Day
A short jeep ride from Naran brings us to enchanting Saif-ul-Muluk Lake. This lovely lake lies at a height of over 3,000m above sea level and is guarded by a ring of forbidding peaks. The crystal clear waters of the lake mirror the azure sky, with its complement of fluffy clouds and reflections of Malika Parbat Peak. The melting snows and glaciers of the mountains feed the lake through a myriad of torrents and streams.

Bb) BABUSAR PASS - Full Day
The summit of Babusar Pass (4148m) is reached after traversing 70 Km of narrow, winding road from Naran. Once the pass is attained, a fantastic panorama of eternally frozen peaks and windswept valleys lies before the visitor. Nanga Parbat (8125m) magnificent in her gleaming gown of snow can be seen on a clear day. Babusar Pass, gateway to the mountain passes linking Gilgit to the Kaghan Valley is only open from July to September, the remainder of the year it is buried under many tons of snow.

Cc) LALUSAR LAKE - Full Day
At the extreme northern end of the Kaghan Valley about 50 km from Naran on the Naran-Babusar road is Lalusar Lake, surrounded by clusters of wild flowers in a carpet of blue and gold. This is the source of the Kunhar River, which winds through the length of the valley. Lake Lalusar offers a splendid opportunity for fishing in dark blue waters surrounded by high mountains. The serene beauty and peace, which permeates the Kaghan Valley, makes this an ideal spot for relaxation and reflection.

Dd) LALAZAR - Full Day
The idyllic plateau of Lalazar lies at an altitude of 3,000 m and is two and half hour jeep drive from Naran. The air here is cool and pleasantly redolent with the scent of the surrounding forest of pine and fir. The plateau offers plenty of opportunities for relaxing, mountaineering, hiking, and nature watching.

Ee) SHOGRAN - Half Day from Balakot While driving to Naran, a visit to Shogran is a highly recommended side trip. About 12 km from the village of Kawai, on the main road, a steep climb through dense forest of fir and pine brings you to a plateau of great scenic beauty. Here on the grassy plains one can experience the grandeur of Musa-ka Massala Peak (4,267m). Rest houses, hotels and huts for summer retreats are available for a tranquil holiday.

Ff) ABBOTTABAD - Half Day from Abbottabad
Abbottabad, developed into a cantonment during the days of the British, is now a popular hill resort. Simla Hill, a nearby viewpoint, gives a bird-eye view of the town. At Ilyasi Mosque, another place of interest, the water running from various springs is sacred for many of the people. Abbottabad bazaar is a hub of activity where the mountain people and the local population mix with one another to trade.

Gg) NATHIAGALI - Full Day from Abbottabad
Nathiagali is reached by means of an uphill drive through spectacular pine forest. It offers a fine view of the Potohar plateau and the snow capped peaks of Kashmir and Kohistan. On a clear day the majestic peak of Nanga Parbat can be seen in the distance. A quiet hill station, Nathiagali is set in a lush green landscape interspersed with bright floral colours, making it a popular holiday resort. top

With one of the largest airports and well-equipped seaports of Southeast Asia, Karachi offers a variety of pleasant attractions. This cosmopolitan city is the most popular in Pakistan and presents an interesting combination of old & new, east and west. Within 02 centuries, Karachi has grown from a coastal fishing village to a large metropolis. Narrow twisting lanes and alleys of the old city throb with life alongside the wide roads and elegant modern buildings of the growing new township. With a population of over 120 millions, Karachi is the most important commercial and industrial center of Pakistan. Karachi offers wide sunny beaches, deep-sea fishing and yachting year round. The beautiful golden beaches of Sandspit and Hawkes Bay in their peaceful surroundings offer rest and relaxation with plenty of opportunities for water-skiing, yachting, cruising and picnicking. For the bird-watcher and the fisherman the mouth of the Indus River and Haleji and Kalri Lakes offer lots of interest.

Among the recently constructed landmarks of architectural interest are the Defense Mosque with its massive dome 63.6m in diameter; Hill Park; the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Father of the Nation; and the Victorian Frere Hall, constructed of limestone and surrounded by Jinnah Gardens. Karachi offers easy connections to other places of archaeological interest such as Moenjodaro, Thatta, Chaukandi Tombs, Bhambore and Hyderabad. All these help make Karachi a pleasant attraction and a welcome stop during your visit to Pakistan.

This tour begins with a visit to the National Museum. The Indus Valley seals on display in the Indus Valley gallery and the sculpture in the Gandhara gallery are highlights of the museum. From here, you travel to the old part of Karachi to visit Boultan Market, Juna or Old Market and �Sarafa� Jewelers Bazaar. Passing Merewether Tower with its Gothic design you continue to Mauripur Road, where the colorful transport buses assemble. A little further on is the camel market where the �ships of the desert� are bought and sold. The last visit of the tour is to Dhobi Ghat, a large outdoor laundry, which really must be seen to be believed.

Cc) CRABBING - Half Day
A visit to Karachi�s Fish harbour can be particularly rewarding, as there are hundreds of colourfully decorated boats and dhows bringing in their daily catch. Karachi has one of the best natural harbours in the entire region and there is an abundance of prawns, crabs and different fish. The crabbing tour features an enjoyable sail on the Arabian Sea in one of the decorated boats. The boat�s captain and crew will help you catch crabs and lobsters, which are then boiled or fried on board and served as a delicious snack. It is a very rewarding cruise for those who love cool sea breezes and sunny skies.

Dd) CHAUKANDI TOMBS & BHAMBORE - Half Day
Chaukandi is a 300-year-old graveyard comprised of tombstones made of yellow sandstone, similar to the tomb of Cyrus in the Iranian Valley of Murghan. Each stone is unique, with geometric or floral designs and other markings that distinguish the rank and sex of the inhabitant. The silent and peaceful archaeological site at Bhambore is closely associated with the legendary City of Debal where Mohammad bin Qasim landed in the 8^th century A.D. The excavated town reveals a well-planned network of streets and narrow lanes between blocks of houses made of mud bricks. Around the 10^th century, it was the capital of Chief Bhambo Raja, and was named Bhambore after him. The town was subsequently destroyed in 1250 A.D.

Hyderabad, a town of 200 years old, is linked by super highway to Karachi, about a 90-minute drive. Historically important as the former capital of the Mirs of Sind, Hyderabad has a number of attractive tombs of the Kalhoras and Talpurs, the former rulers of the area. These are beautifully symmetrical monuments decorated with marble fretwork and colored tiles. The ruins of the Fort, constructed by Ghulam Shah Kalhora the founder of the town of Hyderabad, are well worth a visit. The Kotri and Ghulam Mohammad Barrages across the Indus River are two feats of modern engineering.

Gg) MOENJODARO - Full Day

The Moenjodaro excavations date back to the civilization of the Indus Valley, which flourished 5,000 years ago. The Indus Valley civilization is the third oldest in the world, being preceded only by those of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Moenjodaro enjoys the distinction of being the foremost of the sites excavated to date. Situated some 675 Km north of Karachi, it is easily accessible by air, road and rail. Moenjodaro excelled in practically every conceivable facet of town planning. From the articles discovered here it is believed that the Iron Age had not yet dawned on the Indus Valley civilization. The vessels discovered are of lead, silver, copper or bronze, whereas the weapons are made only of bronze. The museum displays interesting relics found during excavation, such as engraved seals, utensils, ornaments, weapons, sculpture, and pottery.

Hh) HALEJI LAKE - Full Day

North of Karachi, forming the end of a chain of great lakes, lie the beautiful waters of Haleji. A hundred thousand birds, including over 70 species of waterfowl alone, find sanctuary here during the winter months. Flamingoes, herons, ducks and egrets, to name but a few, can be observed, undisturbed, in their natural habitat.

Keenjhar Lake, an hour�s drive east of Karachi, is a recently constructed resort that offers lake fishing, boating, bird watching and a very peaceful atmosphere. This excursion can also be extended to include Thatta and Chaukandi Tombs and the archaeological site at Bhambore. top

The heart of Pakistan�s culture lies in the 2,000-year-old city of Lahore. Lahore is many things - the City of Gardens and Flowers, the City of Dynasties, the City of Music and Art, the City of Famous Dead, the City of Moguls and of course the City of Festivals.

Lahore has experienced an eventful history. The first Muslim to conquer the city was Mahmud Ghaznavi in 1021 A.D. A long chain of conquerors followed this until the city passed to the Moguls in 1524 A.D. This was a time of resplendent glory for the city, and the historical monuments from this era include a masterpiece of leisure architecture - the Shalimar Gardens. Other famous landmarks are Lahore Fort, the huge Badshahi Mosque, the Mausoleums of Emperor Jehangir and Empress Nur Jehan, and the Kims Gun. Lahore also has, place of historical interest from others eras, which include Wazir Khan�s Mosque, the Golden Mosque, Chauburji, Maharaja Ranjit Singh�s Samadhi, the Pakistan Day Memorial, Bagh-e-Jinnah, and the Lahore Zoo - a zoological and botanical garden. The city and its surroundings are deeply associated with incident legendary lore and have witnessed momentous events from pre-historic times. The archaeological site of Harappa, 205 Km from Lahore, dates from 2,500 B.C. and was an important settlement of the Indus Valley civilization.

Today, Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan and the principal cultural and academic center, with the oldest university in the country. Its three bazaars are all equally renowned; the Mall, a tree-lined boulevard with modern shops; the Anarkali Bazaar, named after the court dancer who was the beloved courtesan of the Mogul King Jehangir; and the Kashmiri Bazaar, situated deep in the walled city area. There is always a lot to see and do in Lahore.

Aa) LAHORE CITY TOUR - Half Day

In just one corner of Lahore is a heterogeneous example of Mogul, Sikh, Colonial, and Contemporary architecture. The historic Lahore Fort built in the 11^th century A.D., is the only place where one can see different phases of Mogul architecture, as a long line of rulers made additions. Inside the Fort you visit many of the rooms, including Shish Mahal, the Palace of Mirrors. Overlooking the Fort is the Badshahi or Royal Mosque, besides the tomb of the philosopher and poet Iqbal, who infused the idea of Pakistan among the Muslims of British India. The tour concludes with a visit to Shalimar Gardens, which were laid out during the reign of Shah Jehan in the early 1640�s and are a tribute to the aesthetic and artistic sense of the Moguls.

Bb) LAHORE CITY TOUR - Half Day

Lahore Museum houses a rich and varied collection of historical objects. This is the oldest museum in Pakistan and has many galleries displaying artifacts from the Gandhara, Buddhist, Jain, Mogul and Colonial periods. The famous statue of the fasting Siddhartha is also on display here. Next, you will visit Emperor Jehangir�s mausoleum, which was built in the 1630�s and is another example of the talented Mogul architecture. Nearby is the tomb of Empress Nur Jehan, wife of Emperor Jehangir. In Old Lahore, the walled city of narrow, dimly lit alleys leading from Sarafa Bazaar to Kashmiri Bazaar, you will find bargains in the local handicrafts, including brass inlay work. You will also visit the Golden Mosque and Wazir Khan�s Mosque, which reflect the nobility of Persian design with floral designs, superb calligraphy and lofty minarets.

Cc) LAHORE TOUR - Half Day

Summit Minar Tower was constructed to commemorate the second Islamic Summit, held in Lahore in 1974. The beautiful monument has an underground museum that displays items from various muslim countries. In the vicinity of the tower are beautifully designed buildings such as the Punjab Assembly Chambers and WAPDA House, both known for their unique architecture. As you continue on to Faqir Khana in Old city, you pass through Bhati Gate, one of the 13 entrances to the old city. Faqir Khana is the largest private museum in the South Asian sub-continent, housing hidden treasures of art, paintings, carvings, manuscripts, Old Chinese carpets and innumerable other objects. Leaving the museum, you will have a chance to stroll in the famous Anarkali Bazaar, the main shopping center of Lahore - typically oriental in style.

Dd) MYSTIC TOUR - Half Day

After the end of Hindu era, the province of Punjab saw successive invasions of Afghan armies. With the increasing Afghani dominance, Sufi saints started migrating to the north and settled in and around Lahore preaching Islamic spiritualism with a missionary zeal. Included among the famous saints who lived and died here are Data Gunj Bakhsh, Madho Lal Hussain (revered by both Hindus and Muslims), and Hazrat Mian Mir. Their tombs are centers of pilgrimage and are always full of people seeking spiritual awakening. The tour of these three colorful shrines tends to have a soothing effect on the soul.

Ee) LAHORE BY NIGHT - Half Day including dinner

What better combination can one have in a tour, a city as aesthetically rich as Lahore followed by a typical gourmet dinner equally as rich in the Mogul traditions that only Lahore can offer. The evening starts with a visit to the famous Shalimar Gardens with its 400 fountains, followed by a drive along the winding streets of Old Lahore before stopping at the famous Badshahi Mosque, Anarkali Bazaar with its dazzling lights and Bano bazaar which recalls the bygone days of the Moguls - just the right touch of atmosphere before enjoying a typical Mogul dinner at a local restaurant in �FOOD STREET�.

Ff) HIRAN MINAR - Half Day

The area around Hiran Minar, 45 Km outside Lahore, was once a famous hunting resort of Emperor Jehangir. Hiran Minar (literally translated as �deer watch tower�) is a 03-storey monument built by the Emperor in the early 17^th century and dedicated to the memory of his pet deer Mansraj. It has an artificial pond and four small pavilions, which were added after the minaret. The neighboring village of Sheikhupura is famous for its dancing horses and camels.

Gg) HARAPPA - Full Day

Harappa is the site of an ancient and important settlement of the prehistoric Indus Valley civilization (3^rd to 2^nd millennium B.C.) and stands witness to the 5000-year-old cultural continuity of civilization in Pakistan. Harappa was the cradle of one of the earliest civilizations known to man and conjures up images of fifty centuries ago, a period about which very little is known. An interesting and well maintained museum at the Harappa site houses artifacts found in the area. Harappa is located about 200 Km from Lahore and about 30 km from Sahiwal. top

Multan is probably the oldest living city in South Asia. Popularly known as the �City of Saints�, it lies on the main route taken by almost all invaders of the sub-continent. It has born the impact of many armies since the Greek invasions of Alexander the Great in 327 B.C. It is an ancient city noted for its antiquity as well as its spiritual and cultural traditions, elaborately decorated shrines and attractive handicrafts. The old fort near the city is worth a visit and has a number of shrines, the most prominent being those of Hazrat Bahuddin Zakriya, Shah Shams Tabriz and Shah Rukn-e-Alam. It also has the distinction of being the birthplace of Mohammad Tughlaq, Emperor Bahlol Lodhi and Ahmed Shah Abdali, three noted men of Pakistan�s history.

Multan is also famous for its cottage industries such as tile work, enamellings, silk, camel skin lamps, and carpet weaving.

Aa) MULTAN - Half Day

The Old Fort of Multan is an eloquent example of the proud history of this city. Among the attractions inside the fort are the elaborately decorated shrines of Sheikh Bahad-ud-din Zakriya, Shah Shams Tabriz and Shah Rukn-e-Alam. Damdama, the highest point in the fort, provides a bird�s-eye panoramic view of the city, which has survived the destructions of invaders since Alexander the Great in the 4^th century B.C.

Bb) BAHAWALPUR - Full Day

Bahawalpur was formerly the capital of Bahawalpur State, which has now integrated with Pakistan. Situated about 93 Km from Multan, Bahawalpur takes its name from Nawab Bahawal Khan, who founded the state in 1748 A.D. by raising a wall around a villa. Among the places to visit are Sadiq Garh Palace and mighty Noor Mahal, once the State House. Bahawalpur is noted for its delicate pottery and exquisite embroidery.

Cc) HARAPPA - Full Day

Dd) CHOLISTAN DESERT & DERAWAR FORT - Full Day

An interesting drive of about 2 hours from Bahawalpur takes us to Derawar Fort, which is located in Cholistan Desert. Derawar Fort is an impressive 08^th century structure built by a Hindu ruler named Raja Dahir. This excursion provides plenty of opportunities to meet the friendly local people who are of Aryan descent. The women wear brightly colored, long gathered skirts and the men are particularly tall and handsome. The sojourn also includes a visit to Uch Sharif, where there are hundreds of Muslim shrines including the tomb of Bibi Jawindi, a place of pilgrimage for many Sahiwala.

Ee) LAL SUHANRA PARK - Half Day from Bahawalpur

An interesting excursion for naturalists, Lal Suhanra Park lies 36 km northeast of Bahawalpur. It is the home of the rare Chinkara gazelle, the black duck and other endangered animals such as the wild boar. The park is an ideal for recreation, education or research but shooting is forbidden. This park is a combination of a natural lake and forest on 77,480 acres of land and spread over on both sides of the Bahawal canal. It has watchtowers, catching ground, tourists� huts, rest houses, camping grounds and treks for the visitors. top

An ancient city of Central Asia, Peshawar is situated at the mouth of the historic Khyber Pass. Set in a valley of colours and flowers, this legendary city has many secrets. Her story is one of many cultures, people, traditions and customs, and even today the aura of oriental romance and mystery has been preserved. Wherever you go the Pathans of Peshawar greet you with their traditional hospitality. It is here that the famous Khattak Sword Dance is performed. The movement back and forth in a circle, the bright colourful dresses and sparkling flashes of the swords is an unforgettable experience, treasured by all who witness it.

There is a lot to see in Peshawar. The historic Khyber Pass begins just 18 Kms west of the city. The archaeological sites at Takht-e-Bhai, Charsadda and Shah-ji-ki-Dheri recall the ancient glories of this region from the Gandhara period to Greco-Buddhist civilization (3^rd to 5^th century B.C.). Bala Hisar Fort and Jamrud Fort symbolize the historic and strategic importance of this area while the Kohat Pass (65 Km from Peshawar) is renowned for the gun factories at Darra where handmade weapons, ranging from swords and daggers to gun and automatic rifles, are made.

While in Peshawar, one must visit the 300-year-old Mahabat Khan�s Mosque, the Peshawar Museum with its wealth of archaeological relics and antiques and of course Qissa Khawani Bazaar, the famous story tellers� street.

The Peshawar Museum houses a rich treasure of art, sculpture and historical relics dating from the Gandhara period (300 B.C. to 300 A.D) to modern times. After a visit to the museum, you will journey to Yadgar Square and visit Mahbbat Khan Mosque, a beautiful towering structure with lofty minarets. You will then be driven through old Peshawar to the popular Qissa Khawani bazaar, the Peshawar Pottery Works, Bater Bazaar and Mochi Lara, famous for its exquisitely embroidered sandals. Peshawar is a colourful and cosmopolitan city and many different people gather here; Afghans, Iranis, Uzbeks, Tajeks, Afridis and Shinwaris all add to the excitement.

Bb) PESHAWAR BY TONGA - Half Day

The elegance of Peshawar, the historical richness and majestic atmosphere as well as the culture and tradition are best enjoyed in the traditional way. The tonga is Peshawar�s traditional carriage, colourfully decorated and drawn by the sturdy horses of Central Asian stock. The tour takes your first to Qissa Khawani Bazaar, then to the old city with the Jewelers Bazaar and finally into modern mall for a contrast of centuries

Cc) KHYBER PASS - Half Day

The Khyber Pass has been the silent witness to the countless great events in the history of mankind. The historic pass begins 18 Km west of Peshawar and runs up to the Pakistan - Afghanistan border at Torkham, 57 Km from Peshawar. It has been conquered by the Greeks, ruled by the Buddhists, destroyed by the Huns, rebuilt by the Brahmins and still later invaded by the great Moguls. The Sikhs and Afghans also left their marks here before the Pass fell to the British. Today the Khyber Pass is the site of famous forts such as Jamrud and Shagai. Some of the forts are still occupied by the Khyber Regiment of the Pakistan Army. The famous bazaar of Landi Kotal situated enroute to the Khyber Pass is also covered in this tour.

The most important section of the Yousafzai plains encircles Mardan, the earth of which contains many Buddhist remains. At Shahbazgarhi are rock inscriptions of Ashoka the Great dating back to 200 B.C. Jamalgarhi lies a little off the main road near Shahbazgarhi and is supposed to be one of the early �Viharas� existing in the �Little Vehicle� or Hinayana period of Buddhism (100 B.C. to 5^th century A.D.). It is situated on a high hill, which gives a panoramic view of the Yousufzai plains. Adjacent are the monastic ruins of Takht-e-Bhai. Here the chapels for votive stupas and statues surround the main stupa. Other establishments include numerous monastic cells and ruins of votive stupas.

Situated 29 km northeast of Peshawar, Charsadda is one of the important ancient sites of Asia. Identified as ancient Pushkalavati, the pre-kushan capital of Gandhara, it is said to have been founded by Pushkara, the son of Bharat and a nephew of Rama. During the Buddhist period it was the capital of the province and according to Buddhist legends, was the place where Lord Buddha preached his faith.

An unusual excursion is a trip to the Khyber Pass by train. This can be the most interesting rail journey in Pakistan with a train pulled by two steam locomotives departing Peshawar on fixed dates, bound for the Khyber Pass. After passing through numerous tunnels and small stations, the journey terminates at Landi Kotal where specially arranged coaches will meet you to tour the tribal market and Torkham Border, returning to Peshawar by road.

Hund, strategically located 80 km from Peshawar on the western bank of the Indus River, is believed to be the ancient city of Embolima founded by Alexander the Great. It was here that the exploration of the Indus River ordered by Darius and carried out by Skylax of Caryanda was started. Hund is also famous for being the birthplace of the celebrated Sanskrit grammarian, Panini. In the 7^th century A.D., many Chinese pilgrims visited Hund, as it was a revered place for the Buddhists of the period. Later in its history, the Hindu Shahi Kings selected Hund as the capital of Gandhara because neighbouring Kabul and Peshawar were under the power of the Afghan Ghazni Sultans. In the beginning of the 11^th century, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Hund. This once famous city is now in ruins; floods have washed some of it away. Among the remains numerous coins belonging to the Indo-Scythion and Hindu Shahi Rulers, jewellery and other articles of immense historical value have been found. Parts of the city walls still exist, remnants of this ancient capital. top

The civilization of Baluchistan predates the Greco-Roman and Nile civilization, going back to 3500 B.C. Baluchistan is the largest province of Pakistan with an area of 347,190 sq km. The people here still wear their traditional costumes, which date back to centuries.

Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, has been witness to countless invasions of the sub-continent and retains the charm of pastoral peace that distinguishes it from other cities of comparable size. It is a picturesque hill station surrounded by high mountains intersected by long, narrow valleys linked by passes, among which the Bolan Pass is famous in history as many of the invaders from Central Asia penetrated the sub-continent through this route.

After the 13^th century, the Moguls ruled Quetta until 1559 A.D. It later became a bone of contention between the Moguls and Safavid Kings of Iran until 1709, when Gilzais, Brahuis and Quarranis ruled it until the British finally occupied it in 1839.

Quetta is an ideal summer resort. Situated nearby is Ziarat, a beautiful valley with one of the largest juniper forests in the world, the average age of the trees being about 300 years. In addition to being a well-known summer resort, it is famous for its bracing climate and abundant supply of fruits.

Lytton Road in Quetta is lined on both sides by huge, 300 year old Chinar trees. Driving by the Governor�s residence, you arrive at lovely Liakat and Sandeman Park. The next stop is the old city bazaar where you can see Baluchis, Pathans, Iranis, Afghans and many other tribesmen in their traditional costumes, conducting their daily business over sips of strong tea. There are many souvenirs to be found in Quetta, including carpets, embroidery, sheepskin coats and beautiful Karakul caps.

The calm blue waters of this natural lake and the riotous profusion of the tropical flowers all round contribute to make this a perfect locale for a picnic. In the middle of the lake is a tiny island. A few miles further is the Urak Valley with acres of vineyards and orchards where apples, grapes, peaches, apricots and cherries are grown in abundance. Although the area is mainly rocky and situated on a dry plateau, it is rich in natural scenic beauty.

Ziarat is a popular hill resort 125 Km from Quetta and lying at an elevation of over 2,100 m above sea level. Situated in the oldest and largest juniper forest in the world, Ziarat is noted for its sparkling natural springs and abundance of wildlife such as partridges, markhores and occasionally a panther. Prospect point offers a superb panorama of the juniper-covered valley 300 m below. Sandeman Tangi is the point where two hills converge to create towering pale cliffs, which create the timeless illusion of a lost world. For centuries, the cool, natural spring waters have cascaded down the Tangi, creating a silky smoothness on the rock surface across which they flow.

After crossing Bolan Pass the tour continues to Sibi where recent excavations have firmly established the fact that the civilization of Baluchistan is one of the most ancient known to man, predating the Greco-Roman and Nile civilizations and tourists alike is Mir Chakar Khan Rind�s fort near Sibi. Many items have been unearthed here including pottery and musical instruments.

Surrounded by thousands of acres of vineyards and orchards irrigated by Kares, artificial springs made by boring holes into the rock to bring subterranean water to the surface, Pishin Valley is an excellent example of rural life in Baluchistan. About 13 km further along the road is Bund Khushdil Khan, which has a beautiful artificial lake for duck hunting and fishing.

This tour is a good opportunity for those who wish to discover the interior of Baluchistan and the rural life of the area. At Mastung you�ll see beautifully laid out gardens and visit the Pakistan Industrial Corporation�s carpets and woolen mills to see how oriental carpets are manufactured. At the Mastung bazaar typical Baluchi handicrafts are available. Further ahead, Lake Pass provides a striking view of the other hill ranges and the rocky valley below. top

Rawalpindi, or �Pindi� as it is known, has grown in recent years from a small garrison town to a vital commercial and industrial center. The name Rawalpindi was derived from the Rawals, a tribe who had settled in this area. Situated on the Potohar Plateau, the area forms a natural strategic location and so, as early as the 19^th century, Rawalpindi was converted into a garrison town, a tradition still upheld today.

Just 16 km northeast of Rawalpindi lies the new capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, which belongs to a small group of capital cities that have been entirely to plan. Other cities of this type include Washington, Brazilia and Canberra. World famous names in the field of town planning were behind the construction of Islamabad in the 1960�s and 70�s.

Among the places of interest in and around Rawalpindi-Islamabad, first and foremost is the excavated archaeological site of Taxila (32 km from Rawalpindi) that dates from the 06^th century B.C. to the 05^th century A.D. Situated at the foot of Murree Hills, Rawalpindi and Islamabad are linked by modern roads to Muree, Nathiagali, and Abottabad; hills stations which are popular tourist resorts. On the outskirts of Rawalpindi-Islamabad are Mangla and Tarbela Dams, both among the world�s largest and well worth a visit.

In Rawalpindi the Army Museum located near the Mall is place of considerable interest. In Islamabad, the Shakarparian Hills offer a birds-eye view of the new capital city, whole nearby Rawal Lake, created by the construction of Rawal Dam, is favourite recreation spot. The Folk Heritage Museum in Islamabad has collected a wealth of traditional costumes, musical instruments and artifacts and is the largest of its kind in Pakistan.

Driving past the classical older buildings of Rawalpindi you suddenly arrive at the modern, well planned streets of Islamabad. Your tour commences with a visit to the Institute of Folk Heritage, a small ethnological museum displaying numerous costumes and artifacts from all over Pakistan. Next stop is the Shakerparian Gardens, which give a magnificent view of Islamabad before driving past various modern government buildings, graceful with a touch of Islamic design and architecture. Turning off the main road, you drive into old Islamabad where Saidpur Village still survives amid the modern planning. In Islamabad is the world�s largest mosque, named after the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. The mosque also houses an Islamic University specializing in Islamic Philosophy and Law.

A fallen world of glories now, Taxila was once the seat of oriental culture. Situated only 32 km from Rawalpindi, Taxila is famous for the rare specimens of stucco from the Gandhara period excavated from Sirkap and various Buddhist Stupas and Monasteries. Taxila is first mentioned as a territory of the Great Achaemenian Empire of Persia in the 06^th century B.C. in inscriptions of Darius the Great at Behistun. It was invaded by Alexander the Great to assert his claim over the lost provinces of the Achaemenian Empire, and then ruled by Mauryas such as Ashoka the Great, Bactrian Greeks, Scythians, Parthians and the Kushan Kings. It came to an inglorious end around 450 A.D. when it was ransacked by hordes of White Huns. The museum here houses various objects and sculptures dating from the 04^th century B.C. to the 05^th century A.D. The excavations are spread out over an area of 08 km.

Sher Shah Suri, the celebrated Afghan King who ruled over India, built the massive and impressive Rohtas Fort in 1540 A.D. The strength and width of this fort can be imagined from the fact that it could easily accommodate 12,000 men of Sher Shah�s army who were once stationed here to defend his domain against the Ghakkar tribes living in the vicinities of the Salt Range. This big edifice now encamps a village, which is an interesting site. But the most impressive buildings are of the Sikh Period; through in ruins they still reflect the grandeur, which the Sikhs enjoyed for a short period. Approach to Rohtas Fort marks a detour of the salt range, the abode of fierce tribes of Ghakkers and Janjuas.

Rawalpindi lies only a short distance from Islamabad yet still retains its old colonial and oriental grandeur. Raja Bazaar is an excellent example of true eastern market place. A walk through the narrow winding streets of the old city is an interesting experience for a stranger, where you could meet a snake charmer or fortuneteller. Afterwards, you will drive to St. Paul�s Church. Built in 1852, it still retains the atmosphere of an English church. The next stop is at Ayub National Park, a popular day trip for many citizens, with beautiful gardens and ponds with wild waterfowl.

Ee) NATHIAGALI - Full Day

A modern road connects Rawalpindi-Islamabad to Nathiagali (2,500 m) with its range upon range of green hills covered by forests of pine & fir. It offers a fine view of the Potohar plateau and the snow capped peaks of Kashmir and Kohistan. On a clear day the majestic peak of Nanga Parbat can be seen in the distance. A quiet hill station, Nathiagali is set in a lush green landscape interspersed with bright floral colours, making it a popular holiday resort.

A hilly and popular summer resort station, Murree is situated at an altitude of 2,300m above sea level. Only 60 km from Rawalpindi, Murree is easily accessible by road and the scenic journey takes about 02 hours. From the main street of the town a vast panorama of forest-clad ridges and majestic pines on thickly wooded slopes is a feast for the eyes. Murree is one of the most popular hill resorts in the country. Ayubia, 20 km from Murree, is a complex of four small hill resorts, one of which is equipped with an electric chairlift capable of taking you to the top of the peak.

Hund is located 97 km from Rawalpindi and is believed to be the ancient city pf Embolima founded by Alexander the Great. It was here that the exploration of the Indus River ordered by Darius and carried out by Skylax of Caryanda was started. Hund is also famous for being the birthplace of the celebrated Sanskrit grammarian, Panini. In the 7^th century A.D., many Chinese pilgrims visited Hund, as it was a revered place for the Buddhists of the period. Later in its history, the Hindu Shahi Kings selected Hund as the capital of Gandhara because neighboring Kabul and Peshawar were under the power of the Afghan Ghazni Sultans. In the beginning of the 11^th century, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni conquered Hund. This once famous city is now in ruins, some of it washed away by floods. Among the remains numerous coins belonging to the Indo-Scythion and Hindu Shahi Rulers, jewellery and other articles of immense historical value have been found. Parts of the city walls still exist, remnants of this ancient capital. top

Perched at an elevation of 2,286 m, Skardu is set in a landscape of towering mountains, deep gorges, resounding waterfalls, and calm, deep lakes. Skardu is the district headquarters of Baltistan with Xinjiang Province of China to the north, Kashmir to the south, Gilgit to the west and to the east the district of Ladakh in India.

Each summer Skardu offers a cool, bracing climate and is a mountaineer�s paradise, attracting climbers and trekkers from all over the world. Nowhere else can one find such a large collection of lofty peaks including K-2, which at 8,611 m is rated as the second highest mountain in the world. Huge glaciers such as Baltoro, Biafo and Siachen, some of the largest in the world outside the Polar region, rest in this 16,283 sq. km area of the world.

In this district, there are five main valleys and two beautiful lakes, Satpara and Kachura, surrounded by snow-covered mountains. Skardu is accessible by air or road from Rawalpindi & Gilgit.

Your first visit is to the small shops and markets of Skardu Bazaar. From here, you proceed to Satpara Lake, situated about 9 km from town on the old Astore road. The lake is surrounded by high glacial mountains and is a popular anglers resort for trout fishing. Continuing past the lake for another 08 km will bring you to the small mountain village of Satpara. Here, you�ll walk to some of the many ancient rock engravings of Buddha, considered to be the most beautiful in Baltistan.

The peaceful, deep blue waters of Lake Kachura lie surrounded by high mountains some 30 km north f Skardu. Teeming with brown trout, this is fishermen�s paradise and an ideal tourist resort. Near the lakeside, apple and apricot trees blossom during April. The hills overlooking the lake are dotted with tiny huts and adorned with beautiful flowers.

The beautiful valley of Shigar, 32 km northeast of Skardu, is gateway to the great Karakorams. The Baltis for travel on the difficult paths and passes to Nagar and Hunza once frequently used Shigar Valley. There are many mineral springs in this valley, which are reserved by people as curing waters for skin diseases. You will meet the cheerful Baltis while walking through the village, visiting an old mosque complete with intricate woodwork. The entire valley is adorned with apricot, peach and walnut trees, and vineyards.

Situated 105 km east of Skardu is another high mountain wonderland, the valley of Khaplu. Khaplu Village is perched on a large slope carved by glaciers and forested with apple, almond, apricot and other trees. Northwards, across the Shayok River, you can see Gasherbrum (8,000 m) and the other high mountains of the Karakorams. Some of the hospitable inhabitants of Khaplu are related to the Tibetan Bhotes, with nobility reflecting Persian and Turkish features. Eastwards of Khaplu is little Ladakh, at one time the location of numerous monasteries. top

The Swat Valley is the ancient Buddhist land of �Udeyana� which served as a threshold to western Asia and China. Here was the sacred cradle of Buddhism, where fourteen hundred monasteries flourished at one time. This is the land where Alexander the Great fought and won some of his major battles and where Mahmood of Ghaznavi, Babar and Akbar the Great fought their fierce battles.

Most of all however, the Swat Valley is an enchanting land of magnificent scenic beauty; a lush green fertile valley, snow capped mountains, fruit laden orchards, and flower covered slopes washed by the smooth flowing Swat River. Excursions through the Swat Valley should include visits to places such as Saidu Sharif, Madyan, Bahrain, Kalam and of course the shopping town of Mingora.

Saidu Sharif is the administrative center of the Swat Valley. 13 km from Saidu Sharif, at Maraghzar, is Safed Mahal, a white marble palace built entirely of glittering marble and embellished with beautiful carvings. Winding past a road of extensive orange and olive groves and apple orchards, one comes to Madyan, 55 km from Saidu Sharif and 1,320 meters above sea level. Further north are the villages of Bahrain and Kalam. The myriad of streams and torrents, which tumble down into the embrace of the river, make trout fishing a common sport at Kalam and all along the Swat Valley.

Other beautiful spots in the Swat Valley are Miandam (2,072 m), Karakar Pass (1,335 m) Shangla Pass (2,132 m), and Yakh Tangi (2,090 m)

Saidu Sharif is the capital city of the Swat Valley. It is named after the Moslem divinity, Saidu. Here you�ll visit the Swat Museum which has a rich collection of Gandhara Art obtained from sites in the region. Just 03 km from Saidu Sharif is Mingora, the commercial center of Swat. The next stop is at Maraghzar, a summer retreat at an altitude of 1,300 m and about 15 km from Saidu Sharif. The drive takes you along a lovely winding road lined by orchards. You can stop and enjoy the cool, crisp air near freshwater springs as they bubble their way through massive rock and stone. At the foot of one of the hills is Safed Mahal, a white marble palace that was once the residence of the former Wali (ruler) of Swat.

Situated 60 km north of Saidu Sharif at an altitude of 1,320 m, Madyan lies in an enchanting setting of steep wooded hills, terraced fields, and mud houses. At the divisionary road 15 km away near Fatepur, you can see Miandam (1,825 m), popular for it�s scenic beauty, which is reputed to be the best in the entire Swat Valley. The next stop is Bahrain (1,375 m), only 10 kms from Madyan. Here 02 rivers, the Daral and the Swat, join under a bridge then work their way through a gorge below a high barren cliff. The people of Bahrain are famous for their woodcarving of door handles, windows and tables.

At Kalam (2,100 m), another 40 km north of Bahrain, the valley widens into a fantastic plateau surrounded by snow covered peaks of Hindu Kush Range covered with dense forests of fir, pine, deodar and many varieties of wild flowers. Fishing in the Ushu River is allowed as well as hunting with camera of Markhore, mountain goats, fox, pheasant or partridge. Kalam is justifiably described as the true culmination of the Swat Valley.

North of Kalam, the Swat Valley gradually widens and then opens onto a small plateau about 06 km wide. Here 02 rivers, the Ushu and the Utrot, intersect, one from the northeast, the other from the west. From Kalam, Ushu is a distance of 10 km and offers a stupendous view. The people of this area are mainly Moslems and speak in a variety of dialects with traces of Kashmiri, Persian, Pushto and Punjabi. The Ushu River has a variety of fish for the angler, and for the photographer there are markhore, mountain goats, fox and pheasant and partridge, in addition to the fascinating mountain scenery.

Situated on one of the important off shoots of Silk Route, Malam Jabba is not only a winter resort and chairlift facility but also a sign of older civilizations. Standing at an elevation of 8700 ft in Hindu Kush Ranges in Swat Valley, Malam Jabba is 314 km from Islamabad and 51 km from Saidu Sharif on Kalam Road. The road diverts from Manglor to Malam Jabba. The area of Malam Jabba emerges with gentle slopes, placid plains and torrential streams. It is a valley of thick forests of Pine and Deodar trees that cover the whole area. In winter the entire area remains covered with snow making it an ideal place for skiing. Malam Jabba has also numerous archaeological remains including two Buddhist stupas and six monasteries that are a witness to its continuous occupation by the people for the last 2000 years. The Buddhist remains of Malam Jabba are distinctive in being located at such a high altitude. At Malam Jabba, there are two major tracks for trekkers; one goes to Shangla Top (2134 m above sea level) and the other to Saboney valley after crossing thick pine forests. top